Transcript Language Points
Slide 1
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
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Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
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Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 2
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
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3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
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Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
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4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
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Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
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8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
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Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 3
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
BACK
NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 4
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 5
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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NEXT
spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 6
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 7
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
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Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
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Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 8
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 9
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 10
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 11
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
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Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
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Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
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Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
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3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
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Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
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Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 12
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 13
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 14
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
PREV.
NEXT
Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
PREV.
NEXT
spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 15
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 16
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 17
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 18
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 19
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 20
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
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Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 21
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
PREV.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
PREV.
NEXT
Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 22
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 23
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
PREV.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
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3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
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Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 24
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 25
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 26
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 27
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 28
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 29
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 30
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
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8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 31
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
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Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
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Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
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Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 32
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 33
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 34
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
PREV.
NEXT
Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
PREV.
NEXT
spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 35
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 36
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 37
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 38
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 39
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 40
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
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Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 41
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
PREV.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
PREV.
NEXT
Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 42
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 43
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
PREV.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
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3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
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Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 44
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 45
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 46
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 47
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 48
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 49
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 50
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
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8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 51
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
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Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
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Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
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Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 52
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 53
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 54
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
PREV.
NEXT
Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
PREV.
NEXT
spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 55
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 56
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 57
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 58
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 59
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 60
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
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Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 61
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
PREV.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
PREV.
NEXT
Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 62
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 63
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
PREV.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
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3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
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Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 64
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 65
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 66
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 67
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 68
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 69
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 70
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
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8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 71
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
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Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
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Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
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Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 72
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 73
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 74
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
PREV.
NEXT
Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
PREV.
NEXT
spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 75
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 76
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 77
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 78
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 79
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 80
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
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Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 81
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
PREV.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
PREV.
NEXT
Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 82
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 83
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
PREV.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
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3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
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Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 84
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 85
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 86
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 87
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 88
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 89
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 90
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
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8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 91
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
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Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
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Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
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Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 92
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 93
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 94
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
PREV.
NEXT
Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
PREV.
NEXT
spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 95
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 96
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 97
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 98
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 99
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 100
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
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Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 101
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
PREV.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
PREV.
NEXT
Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 102
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 103
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
PREV.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
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3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
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Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 104
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 105
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 106
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 107
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 108
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 109
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 110
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
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8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 111
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
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Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
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Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
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Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 112
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 113
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 114
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
PREV.
NEXT
Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
PREV.
NEXT
spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 115
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 116
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 117
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 118
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 119
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 120
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
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Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 121
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
PREV.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
PREV.
NEXT
Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 122
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 123
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
PREV.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
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3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
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Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 124
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 125
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 126
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 127
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 128
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 129
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 130
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
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8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 131
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
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Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
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Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
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Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 132
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 133
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 134
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
PREV.
NEXT
Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
PREV.
NEXT
spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 135
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 136
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 137
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 138
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 139
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 140
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
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Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 141
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
PREV.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
PREV.
NEXT
Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 142
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 143
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
PREV.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
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3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
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Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 144
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 145
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 146
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 147
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 148
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 149
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 150
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
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8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 151
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
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Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
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Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
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Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 152
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 153
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 154
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
PREV.
NEXT
Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
PREV.
NEXT
spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 155
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 156
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 157
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 158
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 159
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 160
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
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Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 161
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
PREV.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
PREV.
NEXT
Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 162
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 163
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
PREV.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
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3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
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Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 164
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 165
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 166
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 167
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 168
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 169
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 170
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
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8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 171
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
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Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
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Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
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Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 172
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 173
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 174
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
PREV.
NEXT
Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
PREV.
NEXT
spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 175
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 176
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 177
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 178
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 179
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 180
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
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Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 181
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
PREV.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
PREV.
NEXT
Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 182
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 183
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
PREV.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
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3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
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Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 184
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 185
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 186
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 187
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 188
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 189
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 2
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
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Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
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Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
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Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 3
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 4
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 5
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
PREV.
NEXT
Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
PREV.
NEXT
spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 6
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 7
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 8
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 9
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 10
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 11
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
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Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 12
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
PREV.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
PREV.
NEXT
Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 13
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 14
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
PREV.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
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3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
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Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 15
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 16
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 17
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 18
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 19
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 20
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 21
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
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8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 22
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
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Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
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Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
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Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 23
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 24
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 25
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
PREV.
NEXT
Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
PREV.
NEXT
spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 26
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 27
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 28
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 29
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 30
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 31
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
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Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 32
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
PREV.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
PREV.
NEXT
Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 33
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 34
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
PREV.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
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3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
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Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 35
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 36
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 37
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 38
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 39
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 40
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 41
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
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8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 42
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
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Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
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Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
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Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 43
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 44
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 45
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
PREV.
NEXT
Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
PREV.
NEXT
spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 46
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 47
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 48
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 49
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 50
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 51
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
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Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 52
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
PREV.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
PREV.
NEXT
Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 53
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 54
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
PREV.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
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3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
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Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 55
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 56
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 57
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 58
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 59
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 60
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 61
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
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8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 62
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
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Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
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Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
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Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 63
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 64
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 65
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
PREV.
NEXT
Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
PREV.
NEXT
spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 66
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 67
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 68
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 69
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 70
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 71
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
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Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 72
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
PREV.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
PREV.
NEXT
Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 73
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 74
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
PREV.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
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3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
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Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 75
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 76
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 77
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 78
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 79
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 80
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 81
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
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8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 82
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
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Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
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Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
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Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 83
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 84
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 85
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
PREV.
NEXT
Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
PREV.
NEXT
spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 86
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 87
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 88
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 89
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 90
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 91
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
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Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 92
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
PREV.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
PREV.
NEXT
Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 93
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 94
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
PREV.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
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3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
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Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 95
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 96
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 97
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 98
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 99
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 100
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 101
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
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8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 102
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
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Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
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Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
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Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 103
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 104
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 105
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
PREV.
NEXT
Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
PREV.
NEXT
spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 106
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 107
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 108
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 109
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 110
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 111
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
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Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 112
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
PREV.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
PREV.
NEXT
Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 113
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 114
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
PREV.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
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3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
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Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 115
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 116
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 117
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 118
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 119
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 120
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 121
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
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8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 122
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
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Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
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Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
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Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 123
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 124
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 125
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
PREV.
NEXT
Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
PREV.
NEXT
spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 126
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 127
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 128
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 129
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 130
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 131
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
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Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 132
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
PREV.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
PREV.
NEXT
Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 133
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 134
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
PREV.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
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3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
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Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 135
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 136
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 137
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 138
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 139
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 140
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 141
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
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8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 142
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
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Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
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Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
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Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 143
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 144
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 145
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
PREV.
NEXT
Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
PREV.
NEXT
spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 146
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 147
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 148
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 149
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 150
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 151
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
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Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 152
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
PREV.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
PREV.
NEXT
Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 153
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 154
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
PREV.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
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3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
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Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 155
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 156
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 157
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 158
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 159
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 160
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 161
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
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8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 162
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
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Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
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Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
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Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 163
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 164
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 165
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
PREV.
NEXT
Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
PREV.
NEXT
spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 166
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 167
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 168
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 169
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 170
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 171
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
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Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
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Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
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Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
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CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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Slide 172
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
PREV.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
PREV.
NEXT
Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 173
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 174
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
BACK
NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
PREV.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
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3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
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Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 175
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 176
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 177
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
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Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
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Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
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NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 178
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
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4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 179
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
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NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 180
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 181
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
BACK
Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
PREV.
NEXT
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
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8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 182
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
BACK
Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
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Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
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Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
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Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
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Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 183
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 184
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
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Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
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Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
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Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
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Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
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Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
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Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
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NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 185
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
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7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
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The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
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Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
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NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
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2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
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Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
BACK
NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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NEXT
3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
PREV.
NEXT
Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
PREV.
NEXT
spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
PREV.
BACK
Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
BACK
NEXT
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
PREV.
NEXT
How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
PREV.
NEXT
3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
PREV.
NEXT
Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
PREV.
NEXT
A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
PREV.
NEXT
Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
NEXT
An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
PREV.
BACK
Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
BACK
Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 186
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
NEXT
I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
BACK
Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
BACK
Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
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NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 187
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
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Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
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NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
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3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
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4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
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5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
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Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
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Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
BACK
Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
BACK
Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
BACK
Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
BACK
Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
BACK
Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
BACK
Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
BACK
Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
BACK
Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
BACK
Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
BACK
Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
BACK
Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
BACK
Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
BACK
Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
BACK
Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
BACK
Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
BACK
Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
BACK
Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
BACK
Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
BACK
Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
BACK
Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
BACK
Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
BACK
Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
BACK
Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
BACK
Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
BACK
Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
BACK
Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
BACK
Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
BACK
Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
BACK
Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
BACK
Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
BACK
Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
PREV.
NEXT
5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
PREV.
BACK
Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
BACK
NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
BACK
Slide 188
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
BACK
Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
PREV.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
BACK
NEXT
script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
PREV.
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
PREV.
NEXT
Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
PREV.
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
BACK
Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
BACK
Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
BACK
Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
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Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
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Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
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Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
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Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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NEXT
4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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NEXT
2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
BACK
NEXT
Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
?
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Text B
CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
?
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Text B
CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
?
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Text B
CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
?
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
BACK
Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
BACK
Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
BACK
Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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Language Points
automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
BACK
Language Points
ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
BACK
Language Points
see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
BACK
Language Points
arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
BACK
Language Points
… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
BACK
Language Points
comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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Language Points
impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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Language Points
unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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Language Points
apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
BACK
Language Points
But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
BACK
Language Points
the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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Language Points
shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
BACK
Language Points
glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
BACK
Language Points
response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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Language Points
smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
BACK
Language Points
spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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Language Points
deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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Language Points
contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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Language Points
shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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Language Points
neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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Language Points
shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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Language Points
hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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Language Points
On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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Language Points
fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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Language Points
sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
BACK
Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
BACK
Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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Language Points
label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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Language Points
employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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Language Points
mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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Language Points
helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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Language Points
if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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Language Points
special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
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6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
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Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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Language Points
tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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Language Points
flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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Language Points
get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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Language Points
be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
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Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
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Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
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Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
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Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
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Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
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Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
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Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
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Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
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Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
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Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
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Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
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Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
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Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
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Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
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Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
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Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
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Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
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Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
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Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
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Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
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Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
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Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
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Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
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Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
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Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
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Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
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NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
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see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
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Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
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Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
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Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
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Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
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3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
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4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
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NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
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6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
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7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
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Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
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2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
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3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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NEXT
Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
PREV.
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Slide 189
Unit Two
Mistaken Identity
马克·吐温（Mark Twain），原名塞
缪 尔 · 兰 亨 · 克 莱 门 斯 （ Samuel
Langhorne Clemens）；
马克 · 吐温 （1835 年 11月 30 日－
1910年4月21日）是美国的幽默
大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名
演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主
义文学的杰出代表。虽然其家财
不多，却无损其幽默、机智与名
气，堪称美国最知名人士之一。
其交友广阔。写作风格：熔幽默
与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人
机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会
洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小
的杰作，又是悲天悯人的严肃!
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Mark Twain was the pen name of
Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the
major authors of American fiction. Twain is
also considered the greatest humorist in
American literature. Twain’s varied works
include novels, travel narratives, short
stories, sketches, and essays. His writings
about the Mississippi River, such as The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the
Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn, have been especially popular among
modern readers. (From the 1998 World
Book Encyclopedia)
BACK
7-Eleven
7-Eleven, Inc. is the world’s largest operator, franchiser and
licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units
worldwide. Founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927 as an ice
company, 7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept
during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,
bread and eggs as a convenience to customers. The name
7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m.
Today, offering customers 24hour convenience, seven days a week is the
cornerstone of 7-Eleven’s business. Approximately 5,800 7-Eleven and other
convenience stores are operated and franchised in the United States and
Canada. (From www.7eleven.com/newsroom/comp-anyprofile.asp)
BACK
The Language for Making and Responding to an Apology
You are going to listen to an instructor talking about making and
responding to an apology. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
An apology is an expression of regret for a mistake, a fault,
Instructor:
causing trouble or even pain in
some way . It’s good form to
__________
make an apology _______________
when this occurs . A prompt (及时的) and
proper apology invites forgiveness (原谅). Failure to _____
do so tends
to cause embarrassment, or even argument or hostility (敌意). It’s
also decent (得体的) behavior to respond to an apology
____________
in a polite way . To forgive is a virtue (美德). The practice of
society .
making an apology is highly appreciated in
________
There’re many ways of making an apology:
________________
interrupting you .
— Excuse me for my
being late .
— I’m really sorry for ________
step on you .
— I’m terribly sorry to __________
BACK
NEXT
________________
— I’ m awfully sorry (that) I have forgotten
your name.
what I have said .
— I apologize for ______________
— I’m afraid I seem to have forgotten
your birthday.
__________________
— I owe you an apology for ________
the delay .
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ______________
hurt your feelings.
— It was really quite unintentional.
— I hope you excuse me.
There are also many ways of responding
to an apology:
— That’s (quite) all right.
— These things happen; it can’t be helped.
— I quite understand. Please don’t worry.
— (Oh well.) Not to worry.
— No problem. Let’s forget it.
PREV.
NEXT
Now choose one apology from the list given below and say it out loud,
expecting a response in class. Try to use the language you learned in
Exercise 1.
— Pardon me, I didn’t know you were here.
— I’m afraid I seem to have backed my car into yours… I’m awfully sorry.
— I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.
— It was all my fault.
— How silly of me to forget that.
— I owe you an apology for those remarks.
— I’m afraid I’ve brought you so much trouble.
— Please accept my apologies for not attending your class.
— I’m terribly sorry for ringing you up in the middle of the night.
— Sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake. It was really quite unintentional.
PREV.
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Making and Responding to an Apology
1) Before you listen to the first conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
how come
怎么会…；为什么…
… make up for
补救
no wonder
难怪
saying
话; 格言；警句
BACK
NEXT
Listen to the following conversation twice and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
What happened ?
How come you look so upset, Wang Ying? _____________
Li Ming:
Wang Ying: Where were you yesterday? I kept __________
calling you on your cell
phone all afternoon. But when I called, I only heard “The
power is off.”__________
Any reason you had to do that?
Uh, tell you what. I was attending an interesting lecture given
Li Ming:
by a well-known professor, so I had to turn it off. No wonder
you couldn’t ________
reach me !
Wang Ying: I see. You know what yesterday was? It was my birthday!
Oh, ______________
Li Ming:
I’m terribly sorry to have forgotten your birthday! I hope
you _________
excuse me .
Wang Ying: That’s all right. I can understand.
I’ll __________
Li Ming:
make up for it.
PREV.
NEXT
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
Wang Ying:
Li Ming:
No problem. Let’s forget it.
Really, sorry about it.
the saying
stop it . Have you ever heard __________
Come on, _______
“Love means not ever having to say you’re sorry”?
Aha! OK,OK.
PREV.
NEXT
2) Before you listen to the second conversation, read the following words
and expressions which may be new to you.
check in
办理登机手续
suitcase
手提箱
set sth. upright
把某物放直
check
检查
baggage claim check
行李认领单
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Listen to the following conversation twice, and then complete the passage
according to the conversation you have just heard.
A passenger is checking in ____________
at the airport . He would like to have
an aisle seat . The agent
a window seat. If there aren’t any left, he will take ___________
is sorry to inform him that there will be________________
a 20-minute delay and his flight will
be boarding in
________________
about half an hour . But she cheerfully wishes him a nice flight
when she hands him his ___________________
baggage claim checks .
PREV.
NEXT
Listen to the conversation again, and complete the form as the speaker
recounts it. After that, act it out in class.
Agent:
Good morning. Your ticket, please? And set your suitcase
upright So I can check it through.
Okay.
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Agent:
And where would you like to sit?
Passenger: ________________________________________________
Make it a window seat, but if there aren’t any left, I’ll take an
________________________________________________
aisle seat.
Agent:
Uh-huh, here you go. I’m sorry, but there will be a 20-minute
delay, so your flight will be boarding in about half an hour.
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I sure hope that’s the only delay. Oh, where
Passenger: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
are my baggage claim checks?
Agent:
They’re here with your ticket, sir.
Passenger: ______________________________________
Great! Uh, thanks a lot .
Agent:
You’re welcome. Have a nice flight.
PREV.
NEXT
Create situations in which you blame someone for his/her mistake
or fault and expect them to make both apologies and excuses. Try
to use the language you picked up in Exercise 1 as well as the
expressions in the box given below.
Making Excuses
— I had no intention of DOING…, really.
— I didn’t mean to, really.
— It really wasn’t my fault, you see.
— I just couldn’t help it!
PREV.
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Listening Practice
Listen to the following people talking and decide on locations.
1.
script
KEY
M: Good morning. I’d like to open a savings account.
W: Do you already have an account with us?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the library.
B) At the airport.
C) At the bank.
D) At the post office.
BACK
NEXT
2.
script
W: I can hardly breathe. Would you please put your cigarette out?
M: I’m sorry that I’m bothering you, but this is the smoking
section. Why don’t you ask the waitress to change your table?
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a restaurant.
B) At the movie theater.
C) In a meeting room.
D) At the office.
PREV.
NEXT
3.
script
KEY
W: I understand you’ve got some trouble with one of your teeth?
M: Yes, the pain’s killing me.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) In the dining room.
B) In the dormitory.
C) At the mechanic’s.
D) At the clinic.
PREV.
NEXT
4.
script
W: Let’s see what the in-flight entertainment will be.
M: I’d rather look at the menu. I’m starved.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
KEY
A) In a plane.
B) On a train.
C) In a hotel.
D) In a restaurant.
PREV.
NEXT
5.
script
KEY
W: I say, they’re offering a 90% discount on shoes.
M: Watch out! That means the sale price is 90% of the usual price.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
A) At the cinema.
B) At the store.
C) At the reception desk (前台).
D) At home.
PREV.
BACK
Listen to the following five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
1.
script
KEY
W: How do you like your new computer?
M: I’ve just put it together, but I really haven’t tried to use it yet.
Q: What does the man mean?
A) He has found something wrong with the new computer.
B) He has used his new computer for writing his paper.
C) He has just assembled (安装) the computer.
D) He is tired of using this new computer.
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2.
script
KEY
W: The bookstore has run out of the textbook assigned by Professor
Martin.
M: He didn’t expect so many students to take his class this semester.
Q: What can we know from this situation?
A) Professor Martin didn’t order enough textbooks for his students.
B) Professor Martin didn’t want so many students in his class.
C) The students were supposed to buy the textbook earlier.
D) The bookstore is going out of business.
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3.
script
KEY
W: It takes too much time to cook; I wish I had more time to study.
M: Why don’t you eat at the university cafeteria? It’s not too expensive.
Q: What does the man suggest?
A) Buying less expensive food.
B) Dining at the cafeteria (自助餐厅).
C) Cooking more simply.
D) Studying harder.
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4.
script
KEY
W: How’s your class going?
M: Terrible. It seems like the more the professor talks, the less I
understand.
Q: How does the man feel about the class?
A) He thinks the professor has an accent (口音).
B) He thinks the professor talks too quietly.
C) He wishes the professor would talk more.
D) He doesn’t always understand the professor.
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5.
script
KEY
M: Shall we eat lunch out today?
W: Only if we split the bill.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
A) She wants to pay the bill.
B) She wants the man to pay.
C) She wants to pay for her meal.
D) She wants Bill to pay for the meal.
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Listen to the following short story twice. Listen carefully and decide
whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the story
you have heard.
administer
实施
annual
一年一次的
physical
体检
Doc
doctor的口语简称
ponder
思索，考虑
tone
口气
in advance
预先
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script
____
T 1. The man came to see the doctor for a yearly physical.
____
T 2. The man complained of (主诉) his mental problem.
____
F 3. The man was so forgetful that he could not remember his own name.
____
F 4. The doctor took the man’s complaint seriously and pondered an
effective treatment.
____
T 5. The doctor worried about his failure to receive the man’s payment of
his fee (诊费).
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Tapescript
The man looked a little worried when the doctor came in to administer
his annual physical, so the first thing the doctor did was to ask whether
anything was troubling him.
“Well, to tell the truth, Doc, yes,” answered the patient. “You see, I
seem to be getting forgetful. I’m never sure I can remember where I put
the car, or whether I answered a letter, or where I’m going, or what it is I’m
going to do once I get there — if I get there. So, I really need your help.
What can I do?”
The doctor pondered for a moment, then answered in his kindest tone,
“Pay me in advance.”
BACK
Listen to the following talk and fill in the blanks with the missing
words. The talk is given twice.
The new inmate (住院者) at the mental hospital announced ____________
in a loud voice
that he was the famous British naval (海军的) hero, Lord Nelson. This was
___________________
particularly interesting because the institution already had a “Lord Nelson.”
The head psychiatrist (精神病医生), after due (充分的) consideration, decided
to put the two men ______________
in the same room , feeling that the similarity of their delusions
(错觉) might promote an adjustment in each that could help ____________
in curing them . It
was a calculated (成败参半的) risk, of course, for the two men might react
violently to one another, but they were introduced and then left alone and no
disturbance was heard from the room that night.
had a talk with his new patient and was more
The next morning, the doctor ________
than pleasantly surprised when he was told, “Doctor, I’ve been _____________
suffering from a
_______
delusion . I know now for a fact that I am not Lord Nelson.”
“That’s wonderful,” said the doctor. “ Who
are you ?”
__________
Smiling coyly (羞答答地), the patient replied, “I’m Lady Nelson.”
BACK
Text A
CH
?
Mistaken Identity (adapted)
Mark Twain
1 Years ago I arrived one day at Salamanca — a railway station near
New York. N I was to take the sleeper train there. There were crowds of
people on the platform and they were all swarming into the long sleeper
train and packing it full. I asked the man in the ticket office if I could have
two tickets, but he answered sharply “No!” and shut the window in my
face. This was a terrible blow to my dignity; but at the same time it was
necessary for me to have the tickets. Having found a local official, I
asked him if I couldn’t have some poor little corner somewhere in a
sleeping-car; but he cut me short with a sharp “No, you can’t. Every
corner is full. Now don’t bother me any more,” and with these words he
turned his back on me and walked off. I had not expected to be treated
like this, and my dignity was in a state not to be described. I said to
my companion, “They talk to me like this because they don’t know
who I am.” But my companion said, “Don’t talk such foolishness.
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Text A
CH
N
Even if they did know who you were, do you suppose it would help you
to get a seat in a train which had no vacant seats in it?” And he also
turned his back on me. That was too much. I found the same local
official and N said very politely that my name was Mark
Twain and could I have — but he cut me short again,
“I’ve told you not to bother me any more.” And again he
turned his back on me. I looked around helplessly and
saw that my companion had been watching the whole
scene. The shame which I felt cannot be described. I
said, “He may not have heard my name,” but my
companion didn’t agree with me, saying, N “He must
have heard your name well enough. He does not care,
that’s all.”
?
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Text A
CH
2
I don’t know what would have happened next, but just then I noticed
the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding
towards me. And the conductor at once turned and came to me, full of
politeness.
3
“Can I be of any service to you, sir?” he said. “Will you have a place in
the sleeper?”
4
“Why, certainly,” I said. “But I asked that man on the platform and he
said that every corner was full and told me not to trouble him.”
5
“No, sir, N I can’t believe him to have said such a thing. N Can’t
imagine you to have been spoken to like that, sir! I am sorry, sir, but you
must have misunderstood him. We have nothing left but the big family
compartment, with two berths and a couple of armchairs in it, but it is
entirely at your disposal. Here, Tom, take these cases aboard!”
?
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Text A
CH
?
6
The porter took our suitcases and we moved to the car. Having made
us comfortable in the luxurious compartment, Tom said with many
smiles,“Now, is there anything you want, sir?”
7
“Well, this lamp is hung too high. Can I have another lamp fixed at the
head of my berth, so that I can read comfortably?”
8
“Yes, sir, you can. I’ll fix it for you myself. You can just ask for anything
you want, and this whole railway will be turned inside out to get it for you.”
And he disappeared.
9
I smiled on my companion and said,“Well, what will you say now?”
10 My companion looked rather ashamed. “Well,” he said, “you were right.
I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform. I was foolish,
then, not you. I am glad to have come along with you. N If I had been
without you, I should never have got a ticket. But I don’t understand.” At this
moment Tom’s smiling face appeared at the door again, and this speech
followed: “Oh, sir, I recognized you in a minute. I told the conductor so.”
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Text A
CH
11
12
“Is that so, my boy?” said I. “Who am I?”
“You’re Mr. McClellan, Mayor of New York,” and he disappeared
again.
(692 words)
?
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Language Points
identity n. who or what sb./sth. is 身份
We received a huge amount of money from someone whose
identity was unknown.
Would you please show your ID (identity) card?
identify v. 认出，识别
identification n. 身份证明
BACK
Language Points
adapt vt. make (sth.) suitable for a new use, situation, etc.; alter or
modify (a text) for television, etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写
The play is adapted from a short story.
Can you adapt yourself to the life here?
adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养
The old man adopted 10 homeless children.
We should adopt the consumer’s suggestions.
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Language Points
swarm vi. move in large numbers (in the specified direction)
成群地（朝某方向）移动
e.g.
Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.
T
烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。
The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.
T
激动的人群将胜利者团团围住。
BACK
Language Points
in sb.’s face: directly into, straight onto, sb.’ s face; in front of sb.
without hiding anything 对着某人的面；当着某人的面
e.g.
“I don’t want to see you，” Mary said to jack, and with these words
she shut the door in his face.
T
“我不想见你，”玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。
I told the boys that they were wrong, but they laughed in my face.
T
我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。
BACK
Language Points
dignity n. quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth
尊贵；尊严
e.g.
My mother is a woman of great dignity.
T
我母亲是位极有尊严的女性。
Whatever happens, we must not lose our human dignity.
T
无论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人的尊严。
BACK
Language Points
at the same time: at once; together; however; but, nevertheless
同时；一起；然而；但是，不过
e.g.
Besides his company, grandfather was running a farm at the same time, so
he must have been a very busy man.
T
除了他的公司，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。
I understand that, but at the same time I think it’s a mistake.
T
这我理解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。
John did pass the test; at the same time, he didn’t know the subject very well.
T
约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。
BACK
Language Points
cut short: 打断（某人）；中断（某事）
John tried to say something, but Frank cut him short.
I hate to cut you short, but we are really running out of
time.
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Language Points
turn one’s back on: refuse to help (sb. in trouble or need); turn
away from (sb./sth.) rudely拒绝帮助；对…掉头不顾；不理睬 拒绝
He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money, even if other
people think we are good friends!
Tim has always been kind to me — I can’t just turn my back on
him now that he needs my help.
BACK
Language Points
companion : n. person or animal that goes with, or spends much time
with, another 同伴，伙伴，伴侣
e.g.
a pleasant companion
T
令人愉快的伙伴
a lifelong companion
T
T
终身伴侣
a traveling companion
旅伴
a faithful companion
T
忠实伴侣
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Language Points
vacant : a. not filled or occupied; empty
空着的；未被占用的；空的
e.g.
a vacant room
vacant land
T
空地
a vacant position
a vacant seat
没人住的房间
T
T
T
空职
空座
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Language Points
too much: more than one can take, handle or endure
太过分，太糟糕，太不像话
e.g.
Even so, it would be too much to say he was foolish.
T
即使如此，说他愚蠢也太过分了。
I give up. I’ve had too much.
T
我放弃。我受够了。
BACK
Language Points
helplessly ad. 无助地；茫然不知所措地
e.g.
Jenny shook her head helplessly, “It’s no use.”
T
詹妮无助地摇摇头说：“这没用。”
They looked helplessly at each other, not knowing what to do.
T
他们茫然地对视着，不知道该怎么办。
BACK
Language Points
dispose v. (~ + of + obj.) arrange; settle; deal with
安排；料理；处理
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
They disposed of the city’s waste in the sea.
BACK
Language Points
at sb.’s disposal: 供某人使用；由某人支配
I’m at your disposal the whole morning.
The car was left at her disposal.
BACK
Language Points
aboard ad., prep.
在船（或火车、飞机等）上；上船（或火车、飞机等）
“All aboard!” shouted the conductor.
The passengers went aboard the “Queen Elizabeth”
at 10 p.m.
abroad:
go abroad
study abroad
BACK
Language Points
inside out: thoroughly; completely 彻底地;里面朝外地
I searched the room inside out for the car keys.
You‘ve got the sweater inside out.
BACK
Language Points
ashamed a. 羞耻的，惭愧的，害臊的
He was ashamed of himself.
He was ashamed to have failed the test.
(He was ashamed that he had failed the test.)
BACK
Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
1. The boys say they wouldn’t _______
bother them!
bother the girls if the girls don’t ______
2. Lisa is looking for a travelling __________
companion to China.
3. ______
Shame on me! I forgot my mother’s birthday again.
officials attended the forum（论坛）last week.
4. A number of foreign ______
5. His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to _____
notice
he was running out of gas.
6. I hadn’t seen him for 20 years, but I _________
recognized him immediately.
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NEXT
scene
shame
official
vacant
politely
bother
companion
recognize
describe
notice
7. Turn left to Mirror Street, and you’ll find a ________
vacant spot in the parking lot
there.
scene can take you out of a stressful situation（状况）.
8. A quiet country______
9. Today we look at how to _______
politely refuse an offer of food or drink.
10. Could you please_______
describe what we are supposed to do?
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Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
1. “Well, well, that’s enough,” Grandpa ___
cut him _____
short just as he was about
to tell another story.
2. Guests will find a television room, a swimming pool and a library
at their disposal .
_____________
3. You’ve got to be firm, but at
_____________
the same time you must be sympathetic.
4. After that he walked out of the room and shut the door ___
in her_____
face .
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in sb.’s face
cut sb. short
turn one’s back on
a couple of
look around
at the same time
turn sth. inside out
at sb.’s disposal
turn your back on this problem and leave us with the
5. You cannot ______________
responsibility.
a couple of doors
6. Not until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just __________
up from me.
turned the house inside
out and upside down but didn’t find Gwen.
7. We _____
________
8. ___________
Look around in your garden or school — plants and flowers are growing
everywhere.
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Structure
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in
brackets into English.
Model:
You must have misunderstood him.
He may not have heard my name.
1. The children look so excited. They ___________________________________
must have seen the tickets for tonight’s play.
(一定是看到今晚的戏票了)
2. Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.
He must
___________________________
have been here many times . (肯定来过这儿好多次了)
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3. The meat has been on the table for two days.
have gone bad . (可能已经坏了)
It may
_________________
4. Mary ____________________________
may not have received the present , or she would have thanked me
in her letter. (也许还没收到礼物)
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Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.
Model:
Just now I said all those things to you on the platform. Now I am sorry.
→I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.
1. Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams. And she was glad.
Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job before her final exams.
________________________________________________________
2. You’ve eaten all the fruit in the basket. Aren’t you ashamed?
_________________________________________________
Aren’t you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?
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3. We received so much care during our visit here. We are really grateful.
We
are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here.
___________________________________________________________
4. Henry trusted such a liar! He’s foolish.
Henry was foolish to have trusted such a liar.
______________________________________
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Translation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他的职位已经空了几个月了。
__________________________________________________________
The
public noticed that since that local official left, his position had been
__________________________________________________________
vacant
for a couple of months.
2. 看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年轻的搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。
__________________________________________________________
Seeing
the girl looking around helplessly on the platform, the young porter
__________________________________________________________
asked
politely if she needed any help.
3.你的同伴在门口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述的一模一样。
__________________________________________________________
I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door. He
__________________________________________________________
looked just as you had described.
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4. 我们省去了找旅馆的麻烦，因为我的好朋友邀请我们住在她家，还有一辆豪华汽
车任由我们使用。
We didn’t bother to find a hotel, for my good friend invited us to stay in
__________________________________________________________
her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.
__________________________________________________________
5. 教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜的时候，他的妻子却舒舒服服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整
个场面。
___________________________________________________________
While
the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find his glasses,
___________________________________________________________
his
wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.
6.我没有理睬她，因为她期望我像对女王那样对待她。
I____________________________________________________________
turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen.
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Grammar Review
动词-ing形式与不定式的比较（1）
在某些情况下只能使用动词的-ing形式而不能使用不定式。
1. 有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它
的宾语，而不能带不定式，如：
admit, advise, appreciate,
avoid, consider, delay, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, favor,
finish，imagine, involve,
keep, mind，miss, postpone,
practise, resist, risk, suggest
等。
We’re considering opening a new office in
Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet! He hasn’t finished speaking.
安静！他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.
我喜欢打网球。
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2. 有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式，
如：give up, put off, keep on,
carry on, can’t help, feel like等。
You ought to give up smoking.
你应该戒烟。
I’ll have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下周。
I can’t help thinking he knows more than
he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3. 有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语，如
it’s no use doing sth., it’s no
good doing sth., have difficulty
doing sth., have trouble doing
sth., spend/ waste time doing
sth., there’s no point (in) doing
sth., it’s a waste of time/money
doing sth.等。
I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty passing
the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
There’s no point (in) buying a car if you
don’t want to drive.
如果你不想开车，买车就没有意义了。
It’s no good asking Tom to help you.
叫汤姆帮助你没用。
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Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.
seeing a doctor as soon as possible ( 尽快看医生).
1. I recommend _____________________________
working for another hour (再干一个小时).
2. Let’s keep on ____________________
3. I’m considering ______________
buying a new car (买辆新车).
4. He suggested_________________
going to the cinema (去看电影).
5. He mentioned_____________________
having been to New York (曾经去过纽约).
6. I’m thinking about quitting
my job (辞掉我这份工作).
____________
7. His written French is very good but he needs to practise _________
speaking it (说法语).
8. Most stars wear sunglasses in public to avoid ______________
being recognized (被认出).
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spending all that money (花掉所有的钱) on a coat!
9. Imagine ___________________
10. I’d like to help you, but I can’t risk ___________
losing my job (丢掉我的工作).
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Practical Writing
Response to a Letter of Invitation
How to accept a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thanks for the invitation, and I am delighted to take part in the discussion
on Web security.
● I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care
Seminar.
● I appreciate your invitation to the product presentation on December 15.
2. How to end your letter:
●
Thank you again for the invitation. See you on the 15th!
●
Thanks again for the invitation, and I look forward to meeting you at the
auto exhibition.
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Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.
●
Confirm the date and other details about the meeting or visit.
●
Ask for more information if you need to.
●
Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.
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How to decline a letter of invitation:
Useful Expressions
1. How to start your letter:
● Thank you for your invitation to speak at _________.
● I sincerely appreciate your inviting me to___________ .
● I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in____________ .
● I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the
____________.
2. How to tell the recipient that you can’t accept his/her invitation:
●
Unfortunately, I have been scheduled to ___________ on the same day.
●
Although I think the day would be most worthwhile, I have a previous
commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.
● Unfortunately, since I will be visiting ___________ during the meeting and
cannot break away even for a day, regretfully I have to decline the invitation.
●
Unfortunately, I shall be out of town on December 7th and will not, therefore,
be able to attend the banquet you are holding.
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3. How to end your letter:
● If you have other meetings in the future that will feature the same subject, I
would be glad to speak, my schedule permitting.
● We wish you good luck with your ______________ and thank you for
thinking of us.
Tips
●
Thank the recipient for inviting you.
●
Tell the recipient why you are not able to accept the invitation.
●
If you feel like it, tell the recipient that you would be glad to have another
opportunity.
●
Express good will and thank the recipient again for the invitation.
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Complete the following letters with the information given in Chinese.
A Formal Letter of Acceptance
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
____________
kind invitation ( 盛 情 邀 请 ) to the opening ceremony of the Thai
Holiday Inn and Restaurant to be held at the Holiday Inn, and ______
will be
______________
leased to attend (非常乐意光临).
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A Formal Letter of Refusal
Hotel Cathay
Bangkok
April 28th, 2002
Mr. and Mrs. Davis thank Mr. Ben Grieser & Lewis Wilson for their
kind invitation to the opening ceremony of the Thai Holiday Inn and
be held at the Holiday Inn （将在假日饭店举行的）, but
Restaurant to _____________________
they are unable to attend due to a previous engagement
regret that ______________________________________________
（因为事先有约而不能参加）.
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Write a reply to the invitation in Exercise 12, Unit 1.
Suggested Answer:
An Informal Letter of Acceptance
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
After graduation is a great time to have a party. Being at your
house is always lots of fun. My boyfriend, Tom, will be coming, too.
Thanks for the invitation.
Best,
Wu Ji
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An Informal Letter of Refusal
June 24, 2004
Dear Wang Jun,
I wish I could attend your graduation party. I know it will be lots of
fun. Unfortunately, my parents have already invited some of our
relatives over for a celebration. I wonder if you could come by on
Monday evening so you can tell me all about the party. Let me know if
you can.
Best,
Wu Ji
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Text B
If Only
CH
Paul Monahan
?
Having worked at a 7-Eleven store for two
years, I thought I had become successful at what
our manager calls “customer relations.” I firmly
believed that a friendly smile and an automatic
“sir,” “ma’am,” and “thank you” would see me
through any situation that might arise, N from
comforting impatient or unpleasant people to
apologizing for giving out the wrong change. N But
the other night an old woman shattered my belief
that a glib response could smooth over the rough
spots of dealing with other human beings.
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Text B
CH
2 The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our
shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if
each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled
down the nearest aisle. N On a forty degree night, she was wearing only a
faded dress, a thin, light brown sweater too small to button, and a pair of
torn black slippers. There were no stockings or socks on her blue-veined
legs.
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CH
3 After moving around the store for several minutes, the old woman
stopped in front of the canned vegetables. She picked up a can of corn and
stared at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, polite employee and
asked her if she needed help.
4 “I need some food,” she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”
5 “Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”
6 “I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”
7 “Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if
you like, we have a special on bread today.”
8 “I can’t pay,” she said.
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CH
9
For a second, I was tempted to say, “Take the corn.” But the employee
rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the
best of you. Let them know that you are in control. N For a moment, I even
thought that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone
from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, maam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
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CH
10 The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and
her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She moved slowly
past me toward the door, her torn and dirty sweater barely covering her bent
back.
11 Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but
she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman
haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick,
and desperate. Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being
rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize N how fragile a hold we have
on our better instincts.
(475 words)
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1) Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2) What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
BACK
Chinese Version
但
愿
保罗•莫纳汉
我在一家7-11商店里已经工作了两年，自以为很善于处理我们经理所说的“与顾
客的关系”了。我坚信，一个友好的微笑和脱口而出的“先生”、“女士”和“谢谢”
就足以让我应付任何可能出现的情况，无论是安慰缺乏耐心或难缠的顾客， 还是为找
错零钱而道歉。但是几天前的那个晚上，一位老妇人却动摇了我的信念： 乖巧的回答
并不能消除与他人打交道时遇到的磕磕绊绊。
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Language Points
if only: (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time) I wish;
(used to express a wish that past events had been different) I wish（表示对
现时或未来的愿望）要是…多好；（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）要是当时…就好了
e.g.
If only you had told me that some time ago.
T
你若早点儿告诉我这事就好了。
If only I could fly.
T
但愿我会飞。
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Language Points
I thought I had become successful at what our manager calls “customer
relations”:
The preposition “at” is followed by a “what” clause.
介词at后跟了一个what从句。
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Language Points
manager / /: n. person in control of a business, etc. 经理
e.g.
a hotel/store manager
general manager
T
a branch manager
T
总经理
分店经理
T
a department manager
a sales manager
T
旅馆 / 商店经理
T
部门经理
销售经理
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Language Points
relation //: n. way in which one person or thing is
related to
another; ［~s］ links or contacts between people,
groups, countries, etc.（人或事物间的）关系，关联；
［常作~s］（人、团体、国家等之间的）关系，往来
e.g.
public relations
T
公共关系
We hope to develop friendly relations with other countries.
T
我们希望与其他国家发展友好关系。
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automatic //: a. (of a machine) working by itself
without direct
human control; (of actions) done without thinking,
esp. from habit or routine（机器）自动的；（动作）
e.g.
不经思索的，习惯性的
an automatic washing machine
T
全自动洗衣机
an automatic door
T
自动门
automatic control
T
自动控制
Lily knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic.
T
莉莉对这一课极为熟悉，可不经思索随口回答问题。
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ma’am //: n. (used as a polite form of address to a woman)
（用作对女子的尊称）夫人，太太；女士；小姐
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see sb. through: help and encourage sb. through (trouble or difficulty)
帮助某人度过（困难等）
e.g.
Fresh air is what you need — that and time will see you through these
discomforts.
T
你需要新鲜空气——新鲜空气和时间能帮你熬过这些病痛。
When the going gets tough with your studies, having goals will help to
see you through.
T
当学习上遇到困难时，拥有目标就能帮你度过难关。
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arise //: (arose, arisen) vi. become evident; appear 呈现；出现
e.g.
Please feel free to call us, if the need should arise.
T
如果需要的话，只管给我们打电话好了。
That is why the problem arose in the first place.
T
这就是出现问题的首要原因。
The whole trouble arose from a misunderstanding.
T
全部麻烦都是由误会引起的。
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… from comforting impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the
wrong change:
Here the prepositional phrase “from comforting …to apologizing…” is used as an
attribute to modify the word “situation.”
介词短语from comforting… to apologizing…在句中作定语，修饰situation。
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comfort //: 1. n. state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety;
help or
e.g.
kindness to sb. who is suffering; consolation 舒适；安慰
He’s lived all his life in great comfort.
T
他一生都过着极其舒适的生活。
Mom gave me much comfort when I lost my job.
T
我失去工作时妈妈给了我很多安慰。
2. vt. give help, encouragement, comfort to (sb.)安慰
e.g.
She was trying to comfort her crying baby.
T
她正竭力抚慰她那哭闹的宝宝。
He felt comforted by the gentle words of his friend.
T
朋友温柔的话语使他感到安慰。
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impatient / /: a. unable to deal calmly with sb./sth. or to wait for
sth.;
not patient 无耐性的；不耐烦的
e.g.
She was getting impatient at having to wait for so long.
T
她因不得不久等而变得急躁起来。
He was impatient for the result of his examination.
T
他急于知道自己的考试结果。
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unpleasant: a. not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的；不合意的
e.g.
an unpleasant conversation
T
很不愉快的谈话
That sound is unpleasant to the ear.
T
那声音很难听。
My manager is a very unpleasant man.
T
我的经理是个很讨厌的人。
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apologize //: v. say (to sb.) that one is sorry (for a
mistake, etc.)
道歉；认错
e.g.
I apologize, I really do apologize for that.
T
我很抱歉，这事我真的很抱歉。
Are you going to apologize to me or not?
T
你到底要不要向我道歉？
She apologized for the mistakes in her writing.
T
她就文章中的错误表示了歉意。
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But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib response
could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with other human beings:
that引导的从句是my belief的同位语，即my belief就是that从句所表达的想法。
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the other day (night, morning, etc.): recently; in the recent past
不久前的一天（一个晚上、一个上午等）
e.g.
I met him in the library the other day.
T
不久前的一天我在图书馆遇到了他。
I saw Mary at the club the other night.
T
不久前的一个晚上我在俱乐部看到了玛丽。
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shatter / /: v. (cause sth. to) break into small pieces suddenly; destroy
completely（使）粉碎；毁坏
e.g.
The lie shattered my trust in him.
T
那个谎言粉碎了我对他的信任。
A stone shattered the window.
T
一块石头把窗子砸破了。
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glib //: a. ［derog］ speaking or spoken fluently and without
hesitation,
but not sincerely or trustworthily［贬］能说会道的;油嘴滑舌的
e.g.
a glib salesman
T
能说会道的推销员
It was a question often put to her; she was careful not to let the answer sound
too glib.
T
这是别人经常问她的问题，她小心地使自己的回答显得不那么圆滑。
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response //: n. answer; reaction回答；答复；反应；响应
e.g.
We sent the invitation last week but so far have received no response.
T
我们上星期发出了邀请，不过迄今为止还没有收到答复。
What is your response to these questions, sir?
T
先生，您对这些问题怎么看？
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smooth over: make smooth; put right; make (sth.) seem better or more pleasant
平息；消除；缓和
e.g.
Perhaps a gift of flowers will help smooth the matter over.
T
也许送一束花会有助于使这事平息下来。
I’m sure I can smooth over our little misunderstanding.
T
我一定能消除我们之间小小的误会。
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spot //: n. small unpleasant usu. round mark on sth.; particular place or area
斑点；污迹；疤痕；地点；场所
e.g.
ink spot
T
墨渍
a scenic spot
T
风景区；景点
T
There is a spot of ink on the wall.
墙上有块墨水渍。
It’s a lovely spot for a picnic.
T
这是野餐的好地方。
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deal with: have social, business, etc. relations with
与…交往，与…打交道；与…做生意
e.g.
The people I deal with everyday are mostly friendly.
T
我每天与之打交道的人大多都很和善。
We are dealing with several companies at the same time.
T
我们同时跟几家公司做生意。
BACK
3) What did the old woman look like?
She looked shabby and slow, and wore thin clothes.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人一进来，就与我们灯火通明、货架整齐、亮堂堂的店铺形成了鲜明的对照。
老妇人似乎每走一步都十分痛苦。她慢慢地推开玻璃门，蹒跚地走向最近的通道。在
气温只有华氏40度的晚上，她只穿着一件褪了色的连衣裙和一件薄薄的、淡褐色的、
小得连纽扣都扣不起来的羊毛衫，还有一双破旧的黑拖鞋。她那青筋暴突的腿上既没
有穿长袜也没有穿短袜。
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contrast //: n. difference clearly seen when unlike things are
compared
or put together 明显的差异；对照
e.g.
He doesn’t work hard but by contrast with her, he is a hard worker!
T
他工作并不努力，但跟她比一比，他还算勤奋的呢！
Today’s rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday’s sunshine.
T
今天的阴雨和昨天的阳光真是鲜明的对比。
Their business has developed quickly in the past five years. In contrast, ours
hasn’t developed at all.
T
他们的生意在过去五年间发展迅速。相比之下，我们一点都没发展。
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shiny //: a. full of light; shining; bright 发光的；闪亮的；晴朗的
e.g.
shiny black shoes
T
擦亮的黑皮鞋
All the cups are clean and shiny.
T
所有的杯子都很干净明亮。
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neat //: a. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; clean and in good order;
tidy
安排有序的；整洁的；整齐的
e.g.
Her homework is so neat.
T
她的作业真整齐。
I keep my room neat by cleaning it every day.
T
我每天打扫房间，使它保持整洁。
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shelf //: n. long flat narrow board on a wall or in a cupboard, on which
one
keeps books, ornaments, things that one is selling, etc.
e.g.
架子；隔板; 书架；货架
a book shelf
T
书架
There are a lot of books on the shelves along the walls.
T
沿墙架子上有许多书。
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hobble //: vi. walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are
disabled; walk lamely 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
e.g.
The old man hobbled along the street with the aid of his stick.
T
老人拄着拐杖在街上蹒跚而行。
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On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded dress, a thin, lightbrown sweater too small to button, and a pair of torn black slippers:
(Note: 40 degrees Fahrenheit roughly equals to 4.4 degrees Celsius. 华氏
40度约等于摄氏4.4度。）
动词wear后面有三个宾语：(1) a faded dress; (2) a thin, light-brown sweater
too small to button; (3) a pair of torn black slippers。第二个宾语中too small
to button是sweater的定语。
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fade //: v. (cause sth. to) lose color, freshness or vigor
（使）褪色；（使）凋谢；（使）衰颓
e.g.
This T-shirt has faded.
T
这件T恤褪色了。
The sun faded this T-shirt.
T
阳光使这件T恤褪色了。
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Language Points
button //: 1. n. knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc. sewn onto a
garment as a fastener or as an ornament; small knob that is
pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc.
e.g.
纽扣；按钮
A button has come off.
T
press/push the button
T
一粒纽扣掉了。
揿按钮
2. v. fasten with buttons 把…的纽扣扣上
e.g.
Button (up) your shirt.
T
把你衬衣的纽扣扣上。
This shirt doesn’t button (up) easily.
T
这件衬衣不容易扣上纽扣。
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sweater //: n. close-fitting knitted (esp. woolen) garment
针织套衫；羊毛套衫
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Language Points
slipper //: n. loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house（室内穿的）
拖鞋
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Language Points
stocking //: n. either of a pair of tight fitting coverings for the feet
and legs,
reaching to or above the knee 长袜
sock //: n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜
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Language Points
vein //: n. any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to
the
heart 静脉
BACK
4) Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a
can of corn.
5) Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人在店里转了几分钟后，在罐装蔬菜前停了下来。她拿起一罐玉米，盯着标签看。
此时，我决意做一个有礼貌的好雇员，便问她是否需要帮助。
对我清晰宏亮的“您要买点什么?”老妇人轻声回答说：
“我要一些吃的。”
“太太，您在找玉米吗？”
“我要一些吃的，”她重复道。“哪种都行。”
“哦，罐头玉米是95美分，”我用最乐于助人的口吻说道。“或者，如果您愿意的话，
我们今天有特价面包。”
“我付不出钱，”她说。
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Language Points
canned //: a. (of food, etc.) put in cans to preserve 罐装的
e.g.
canned food / soft drinks / fruit
T
罐装食物 / 软饮料 / 水果
can //: 1. n. sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头
e.g.
a can of fish
T
一个鱼罐头
2. vt. put (food or liquids) in cans 把（食品、饮料）装罐保存
e.g.
This factory cans fish.
T
这家工厂制作鱼罐头。
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label //: n. small piece of paper or card put on an object to state what it
is,
who owns it, etc. 标签；标号；标记
e.g.
stick a label on the box
T
在箱子上贴标签
Because there is no label on the can we don’t know what it contains.
T
因为罐头上没有标签，所以我们不知道里面装的是什么。
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employee //: n. person who works for sb. or for a company in
return for
wages 受雇者，雇工，雇员
e.g.
a full-time / part-time employee
T
全职/兼职雇员
hire/fire workers
T
雇用/辞退工人
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mutter / /: v. speak or say (sth.) in a low voice that is hard to hear
小声而含糊不清地说；咕哝着说
e.g.
She was muttering to herself.
T
她在喃喃自语。
She muttered a few words to me.
T
她低声对我咕哝了几句。
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Language Points
in reply to: in answer to 作为对…的回答
e.g.
I am writing in reply to your letter dated Jan. 11.
T
我这封信是对你1月11日来信的回复。
I called him in reply to the message he left on the phone.
T
听到他的电话留言，我给他回了个电话。
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helpful //: a. giving help; useful 给予帮助的；有用的
e.g.
He’s given me some helpful advice.
T
他给了我一些有益的忠告。
The lessons turned out to be most helpful.
T
结果表明那些课很有帮助。
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if you like: (used to suggest sth.)（用以提议）如果你愿意的话
e.g.
I’ll take you to him, if you like.
T
如果你愿意，我可以把你带到他那儿。
You are welcome to look around if you like.
T
如果你愿意，欢迎随便看看。
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special //: n. ［美口］（临时减价的）特廉品（尤指食品）
a. of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or
general; designed, reserved or arranged, etc. for a
particular purpose 特殊的；特别的；专门的
BACK
6) How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
7) Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to
do so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a
test on his loyalty to the store.
BACK
Chinese Version
有那么一刹那，我真想说：“把玉米拿去吧。”但雇员守则却涌入我的脑海：保持
礼貌，但不要让顾客占你便宜，让他们知道是你在控制局面。曾有一刻我甚至认为这是
某种考验，老妇人是总部派来考验我的忠诚的。于是，我尽职尽责地回答说：“对不起，
太太，我不能免费送您任何东西。”
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tempt //: vt. make (sb.) want to do sth. 使（某人）很想要做某事
e.g.
The Department of Industry is trying to tempt more companies to
enter this area.
T
工业部正努力吸引更多的公司进入这一领域。
Leaving your car open might tempt someone into stealing it.
T
车门开着不锁会引来小偷把车偷走。
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flood //: 1. n. ( coming of a) great quantity of water flowing over land
洪水；水灾
2. v. (cause to) overflow with water; come or arrive in great quantities or
numbers淹没；泛滥；涌流；涌进
e.g.
Fields were flooded after the river burst its banks.
T
河水冲破堤岸后淹没了农田。
Letters of congratulations flooded in.
T
大批祝贺信潮涌般寄来。
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Language Points
flood into: come into in large numbers, quantities, amounts（大量）涌进
e.g.
New Year cards came flooding into the post office.
T
新年贺卡如潮水般涌进邮局。
The bright morning sun flooded into the bedroom.
T
灿烂晨光涌进卧室。
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get the best of: win over, beat; obtain an advantage over
战胜；打败；占…的上风；占…的便宜
e.g.
Mary tried hard to eat less, but the ice-cream and chocolates finally
got the best of her.
T
玛丽努力节食，可还是没能抵挡住冰激凌和巧克力的诱惑。
Though it was a BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free) offer, I felt the
store still got the best of me.
T
虽然是买一送一，我觉得商店还是占了我的便宜。
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be in control: have or exercise power; be able to manage
掌管着；控制着；处于控制状态
e.g.
Now that I’m self employed, I am in control of my time.
T
现在我自己干了，可以控制自己的时间了。
Often the first thing that needs to be broken in us is pride and the desire
to be in control.
T
骄傲和控制欲往往是我们自身个性中最需要被打碎的东西。
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Language Points
For a moment, I even thought that this was some sort of test, and that this
woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty:
The verb “thought” is followed by two “that” clauses.
动词thought后跟了两个that从句。
BACK
Language Points
sort //: n. kind; type 种类；类别
e.g.
You’ll meet all sorts of people there.
T
在那里你会碰到各种各样的人。
I need a sort of paper that is both soft and white.
T
我需要一种又软又白的纸。
The book is sort of interesting, isn’t it?
T
这本书有点意思，不是吗？(sort of: 有点，有几分)
BACK
Language Points
loyal //: a. true and faithful 忠实的，忠诚的，忠心的
e.g.
a loyal reader
T 忠实的读者
The couple has always been loyal to each other.
T
这对夫妇始终忠实于对方。
loyalty //: n. being true and faithful; loyal behavior 忠实，
忠诚
e.g.
loyalty to one’s country/company/friend
T
对国家 / 公司 / 朋友的忠诚
BACK
Language Points
respond //: v. answer; say (sth.) in answer; act in answer to
(sth.) or
because of the action of another
e.g.
回答；回答说；作出反应；响应
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.
T
对我的建议报以一笑。
He responded that he would be glad to come.
T
他回答说他愿意来。
BACK
Language Points
dutifully //: ad. 尽职地；出自责任
心地
e.g.
“I can’t be late,” he said dutifully.
T
“我不能迟到，”他出自责任心地说。
Jim did kiss his wife goodbye, but only somewhat dutifully.
T
吉姆确实吻别了妻子，不过只是有点像尽义务似的。
BACK
Language Points
give away: give as a present 赠送
e.g.
The price was so low that the goods were practically given away.
T
价格太低了，货物简直是白送。
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
T
看看你的旧衣服有没有可以送人的。
BACK
Language Points
for free: without paying; free of charge 免费地
e.g.
If you buy one, you can get another for free.
T
如果你买一个，可以再免费得到一个。
They offer service for free.
T
他们免费提供服务。
BACK
8) Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9) What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but
couldn’t find her.
10) How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instinct.
11) How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman.
/ If only the young man had helped the old woman.
/ If only he had acted like a real human being rather than a robot.
BACK
Chinese Version
老妇人的脸似乎“塌陷”得更厉害了（如果有这种可能的话），她双手颤抖着把
罐头放回货架，然后从我身旁慢慢地走向门口，破旧而又肮脏的羊毛衫勉强遮住她佝
偻的背。
她离开后不久，我便拿着那罐玉米冲出门去，可是老妇人已经无影无踪。在余下
的当班时间里，老妇人的形象一直浮现在我的脑海中。我年轻、健康、沾沾自喜，而
她却年老多病，身处绝境。我真心希望我当时能表现得像一个人而不是“机器人”，
但意识到我们保持自身良好本性的力量是多么的脆弱，又令我感到悲哀。
BACK
Language Points
collapse //: vi. fall down or in suddenly 坍塌；塌
陷
e.g.
The bridge collapsed in the flood.
T
桥被洪水冲垮了。
The peace talks collapsed.
T
和谈失败了。
His health collapsed.
T
他的健康垮掉了。
BACK
Language Points
tremble //: vi. shake (from fear, cold, weakness, etc.)
（因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖，哆嗦
e.g.
Father was trembling with anger.
T
父亲气得直哆嗦。
She trembled at the sound of the explosion.
T
爆炸的声音令她发抖。
The ground trembled under our feet.
T
大地在我们脚下震颤。
BACK
Language Points
barely //: ad. only just; scarcely 仅仅，只不过；几乎不
e.g.
It was barely two feet away from us.
T
它离我们最多两英尺远。
I was trying to think fast so I barely heard what he said.
T
我正飞快地动着脑筋，所以几乎没听见他说的话。
BACK
Language Points
bent //: (bent //) vt. force (sth. straight) into an angle; make
crooked
or curved 使弯曲
e.g.
a bent back/fork/tree
T
驼背 / 折弯的叉子 / 压弯的树
BACK
Language Points
rush //: v. hurry or move fast 冲，奔
e.g.
The train rushed by.
T
火车飞驰而过。
Rush him to the hospital; he’s badly hurt.
T
快送他去医院，他伤得很重。
BACK
Language Points
nowhere /(h)/: ad. not anywhere 任何地方都不
e.g.
The key is nowhere to be found.
T
哪儿也找不到钥匙。
Nowhere in the world have I seen such a beautiful scene.
T
我从未看到过这么美的景色。
You have to work hard. Dreams alone will get you nowhere.
T
你必须努力工作，光梦想是不会使你成功的。
BACK
Language Points
sight //: n. ability to see; vision; action of seeing sb./sth.; range within
which sb. can see or sth. can be seen 视力；视觉；看见；视域，眼界
e.g.
My sight is failing.
T
我的视力正在下降。
It seemed quite easy at first sight.
T
乍看上去这似乎很容易。
Now the ship is out of sight.
T
现在看不见轮船了。
BACK
Language Points
in sight: visible 看得见，在视线内
e.g.
There is not a person in sight.
T
一个人也看不到。
The train came gradually in sight.
T
火车渐渐驶入视线之内。
BACK
Language Points
shift //: n. change of place, nature, form, etc.; (period of time worked by
a)
group of workers which starts work as another group finishes
（位置、性质、形式等的）改变，变换；班；轮班职工
e.g.
There has been a slight shift of public opinion.
T
民意已经有所改变。
He’s on the day/night shift this week.
T
他这个星期上日/夜班。
The early shift came on at 6 a.m.
T
早班工人早上6点钟上班。
The night shift is/are arriving now.
T
夜班工人正陆续来到。
BACK
Language Points
image //: n. mental picture or idea（头脑中的）形象；概
念
e.g.
public image
T
公众形象
You can see your image in the mirror.
T
你能从镜子里看到自己的形象。
BACK
Language Points
haunt //: vt. (of ghosts) regularly visit (a place); return repeatedly to the
mind
of (sb.)（鬼魂等）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现于（某人）脑际，萦绕在
e.g.
（某人）心头
They say the house is haunted.
T
他们说这房子闹鬼。
The terrible car accident still haunts me.
T
可怕的车祸情景仍然萦绕在我的脑际。
BACK
Language Points
smug //: a. (of a person, expression, etc.) showing too great satisfaction
with oneself, one’s ability, etc.; self satisfied
沾沾自喜的；自鸣得意的
e.g.
He came out at the top of his class, yet he did not feel smug at all.
T
他得了全班第一名，不过他根本没有沾沾自喜。
You’ve got nothing to be smug about.
T
你没有什么可以自鸣得意的。
BACK
Language Points
with all one’s heart: sincerely 真心实意地
e.g.
She wished with all her heart that he would come.
T
她真心希望他会来。
I mean that with all my heart.
T
我真是那样想的。
BACK
Language Points
act //: vi. do sth.; perform an action; perform a part in a play or film
做事；行动；表演
e.g.
I’m sorry I have acted foolishly.
T
我为自己愚蠢的行为感到后悔。
He acts as the department manager.
T
他担任部门经理。
BACK
Language Points
robot //: n. machine that can perform the actions of a person,
operated
automatically or by remote control 机器人
BACK
Language Points
sadden //: v. (cause sb. to) become sad
（使）悲伤，（使）伤心；（使）难过
e.g.
It saddens me to see you two part.
T
看到你们俩分手我很难过。
We were saddened by the news of his death.
T
他去世的消息令我们难过。
BACK
Language Points
… how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.
=… we have a very fragile hold on our better instincts.
we have on our better instincts是a hold的定语从句。
BACK
Language Points
fragile //: a. easily damaged or broken; not strong and healthy;
weak
易碎的；脆的；脆弱的；虚弱的
e.g.
fragile glass
T
易碎的玻璃
The old lady looks very fragile.
T
老太太看上去很虚弱。
BACK
Language Points
instinct //: n. natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way
without
reasoning or training; natural feeling that makes one choose to
act in a particular way 本能；天性；直觉
e.g.
Babies cry by instinct when they are hungry.
T
婴儿饥饿时会出于本能而啼哭。
We sometimes act on instinct.
T
我们有时凭直觉行事。
BACK
Exercises
Answer the following questions.
1. Judging from this paragraph, what does “customer relations” mean?
Dealing with customers.
2. What would the writer do when serving his customers?
He would smile and say polite words like sir, ma-am and thank you.
3. What did the old woman look like?
She was sick and slow, and wore thin clothes.
4. Where did the old woman stop and what did she pick up?
She stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables and picked up a can of
corn.
5. Was the old woman looking for corn? What did she need?
Not exactly. She needed some food, any kind.
6. How did the writer respond when he knew the old woman couldn’t pay?
He dutifully said that he couldn’t give away anything for free.
BACK
NEXT
7. Why didn’t the writer let the old woman take the corn although he wished to do
so?
Because he thought of the employee rules and even wondered if it was a test of
his loyalty to the store.
8. Was the old woman disappointed? How do you know?
Yes. Her face collapsed and her hands trembled.
9. What did the writer do after the old woman left?
Moments after she left, he rushed out to give the can of corn to her but couldn’t
find her.
10. How did the writer feel about what had happened?
He felt regretful and sad at not being able to hold onto his better instincts.
11. How do you understand the title “If Only” after reading the text?
If only the young man had given the corn to the old woman. / If only the young
man had helped the old woman. / If only he had acted like a real human being
rather than a robot.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where
necessary.
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
1. Those working in this factory will get a(n) _________
automatic pay increase every year.
2. I must _________
apologize for not replying sooner to your letter.
3. Even if your friends cannot change the difficult ________
situation , they can give you the
warmth you so badly need.
4. Jack wanted a job, any_____
sort of a job.
5. Here’s the telephone number where I will be. Call me if any trouble ______
arises .
PREV.
NEXT
customer
relation
apologize
response
automatic
impatient
situation
arise
rush
sort
impatient with his habit of always being late.
6. She got very ________
7. The students all laughed in ________
response to their teacher’s joke.
rushed home before the rain began.
8. We ______
customers for silk.
9. The country has become one of China’s major__________
10. They have business ________
relations with many American firms.
PREV.
NEXT
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms
where necessary.
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
______
1. I bought this T-shirt for $5.00 and got the other one for
free.
2. You can’t succeed if you let your fears ____________
get the best of you.
3. She would have to go out and get work to see
___ her brother through
______ college.
in sight after twenty years of war between the two
4. Finally there is peace _______
countries.
5. If a letter comes in on a Tuesday, it will __________
be dealt with by the following
Tuesday at the latest.
PREV.
NEXT
see sb. through
deal with
in reply to
flood into
get the best of
give away
for free
in sight
6. “I am here,” shouted Frank _________
in reply to his wife’s anxious call.
flooded into Alice’s room, welcoming her to a new
7. The early morning sunshine__________
day.
give away to the first readers who answer the following
8. We have 60 CDs to_________
question.
PREV.
BACK
Text C
A Captive Audience
CH
Neil Balter
Your future depends on many things, but mostly on you.
— Frank Tyger
1 On my way out of town and in a hurry, I hailed (招呼，叫) a taxi in front of my
apartment （公寓）building at 64th and 1st in Manhattan. “Kennedy Airport,”
instructed （吩咐） the driver.
2 When I was settled comfortably in the back seat, an unusually friendly New
York cab （出租车） driver started a conversation with me.
3 “Nice apartment building you live in,” he said.
4 “Yes,” I replied, distractedly （漫不经心地）.
5 “Live there very long?”
6 “No.”
7 “I bet （敢说） you must have a really small closet （壁橱） there,” he said.
BACK
NEXT
Text C
着迷的听众
尼尔.巴尔特
你的未来取决于很多因素，但主要取决于你自己。
——弗兰克•泰格
因为赶着出城，我在自己位于曼哈顿第64街和第一大道交汇处的公寓前叫了一辆
出租车。“去肯尼迪机场，”我吩咐司机道。
我在后座上舒舒服服地坐下后，那位异常友好的纽约出租车司机和我搭讪起来。
“你的公寓真不错，”他说。
“是啊，”我漫不经心地回答。
“住那儿很久了？”
“没有。”
“我敢说你那儿的储藏室一定很小。”
BACK
Text C
CH
Now he had my attention. “Yes,” I said, “quite small.”
“Have you ever heard of closet organizers （壁橱设计安
装者）?” he asked.
10 “Yes. I guess I’ve seen an ad or something in the
newspapers.”
11 “I only drive a cab part time,” he said. “My full-time job
is organizing people’s closets. I come in and put shelves
and drawers （抽屉） and this and that in closets.”
12 Then he asked me if I had ever considered having my closet organized.
13 “Well, I don’t know,” I said. “I do need some extra closet space. Isn’t there
another closet company （公司） out there, California something?”
14 “You mean California Closet Company. They’re the really big company in
the business. I can do exactly what they can do but for less money.”
15 “Oh, really?”
8
9
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
这引起了我的注意。“是的，”我说，“非常小。”
“你听说过储藏室设计师吗？”他问。
“是的。我想我曾在报纸上看到过类似的广告。”
“开出租车只是我的兼职，”他说。“我的全职工作是设计储藏室。我到人家家
里把搁板、抽屉和这样那样的东西放进储藏室。”
然后他问我是否考虑过把储藏室筹划整理一下。
“嗯，我不知道，”我说。“我确实需要更多的储藏空间。市面上不是还有一家
储藏室公司，叫加利福尼亚什么的吗？”
“你指的是加利福尼亚储藏室公司。他们确实是干这行的大公司。但他们能做的
我也能做，而且开价更低。”
“哦，是吗？”
BACK
Text C
CH
“Yeah,” he said. And with this, the driver gave me a detailed explanation
（详细的解释） of what a professional （专业的） closet organizer does. He
finished by saying, “When you call up California Closet and they come to your
house to make an estimate, this is what you do: Ask them to leave you a copy of
the plans. Now, they won’t want to leave you anything, but if you tell them you
need it to show your girlfriend or wife, they’ll give you a copy. Then you call me,
and I’ll do the same thing — but for 30 percent less money.”
17 “That sounds very interesting,” I said. “Here, let me give you my business
card, and if you call me at my office, we’ll set up a meeting.”
18 I handed him my card and he nearly swerved off （偏离） the road.
16
PREV.
NEXT
Text C
“是啊，”他说。接着，他把专业储藏室设计师的工作详细地解释了一番。最后
他说，“如果你打电话给加利福尼亚储藏室公司，他们会到你家做一个测算，你要这
么办：让他们给你留一份计划的副本。当然，他们不愿给你任何东西，但如果你告诉
他们你需要副本给你的女朋友或妻子看看，他们会给你的。然后，你打电话给我，我
会照着这份计划做--不过我收的钱少30％。”
“听起来很有趣，”我说，“这样吧，我把我的名片给你，如果你打电话到我的
办公室，我们可以约个见面的时间。”
我给了他名片，他看了差点冲出公路。
BACK
CH
Text C
19
“Oh, my God,” he shouted, “you’re Neil Balter! You’re the founder （创始人）
of California Closet. I saw you on the ‘Oprah Winfrey Show’ (奥普拉•温弗里访谈节
目), and I thought you had such a good idea, I went into business myself.”
20 He looked in the rear view mirror （后视镜） and studied me. “I should have
recognized you. Gosh, Mr. Balter, I apologize. I didn’t mean you guys were an
expensive company. I didn’t mean….”
21 “Calm down,” I said. “I like your style. You’re a pretty smart fellow and you’re
aggressive (积极进取的). I admire (赞赏) that. You have a captive audience in your
cab, and you took advantage of it. It takes chutzpah (厚脸皮) to do what you do.
Why don’t you call me, and we’ll see what we can do about having you become
one of our salesmen （推销员）?”
22
Needless to say, he came to work for us — and became one of California
Closet’s top salespeople!
(486 words)
PREV.
BACK
Text C
“噢，天哪，”他叫道，“你是尼尔.巴尔特！加利福尼亚储藏室公司的创始
人！我在《奥普拉.温弗里谈话节目》中见过你，我觉得你的主意太好了，所以我
自己也干起了这行。”
他从后视镜里观察起我来。“我本该认出你的。老天，巴尔特先生，我很抱
歉。我的意思不是说你的公司开价高。我不是有意……”
“别急，”我说，“我喜欢你的作风。你很聪明而且有闯劲，我很欣赏。你
在出租车里逮到一个听众，并且利用了这个机会。这么做可真需要一点厚脸皮。
你为何不打电话给我，我们看看是否有可能让你成为我们的推销员？”
不用说，他来为我们工作了--而且成了加利福尼亚储藏室公司最好的推销员
之一。
BACK
Comprehension of the Text
Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple choice
questions.
1. When the cab driver started the conversation, the writer replied
____________.
KEY
A) warmly
B) absent-mindedly（心不在焉地）
C) impatiently
D) reluctantly （不情愿地）
BACK
NEXT
2. The cab driver’s words “ I bet you must have a really small closet there”
caught the writer’s attention probably because ___________.
KEY
A) the cab driver had made a smart guess
B) there were problems with his closet
C) he was looking for a closet organizer
D) the topic was related to his own business
PREV.
NEXT
3. Which of the following is true about the cab driver’s profession?
KEY
A) A full-time cab driver.
B) A full-time closet organizer.
C) A part-time company employee.
D) A part-time closet salesman.
PREV.
NEXT
4. The cab driver suggested that the writer do all of the following except
____________.
KEY
A) call California Closet to make an estimate
B) ask California Closet to leave a copy of the plans
C) discuss the plans with his girlfriend or wife
D) call the cab driver to organize his closet
PREV.
NEXT
5. What made the cab driver go into the closet organizing business?
KEY
A) He watched a TV show introducing the business.
B) He read an ad on the business in the newspaper.
C) He couldn’t earn enough money as a cab driver.
D) He saw the huge market for the business.
PREV.
NEXT
6. The writer gave the cab driver his business card mainly because he wanted
the cab driver to __________.
KEY
A) be his business partner
B) recognize who he was
C) organize his closet
D) join his company
PREV.
NEXT
7. The writer felt that the cab driver was quite ____________.
KEY
A) daring
B) shameless
C) hospitable （热情好客的）
D) talkative
PREV.
BACK
Basic Reading Skills
Guessing the Meaning of Unknown Words in Context (2)
利用上下文中的同义词、反义词、上义词和下义词关系，或利用上下文中的举例、解释、描
述、定义等猜测生词的词义。请看下面的例句：
I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate.
Wishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I
was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts. (Text B,
Unit 2)
如果你把“I”和“She”两种截然不同的状况作一对比，你就能猜出smug的大致的词义：
young — old, healthy — sick, smug — desperate(绝望的)。
同样，要猜测下面句子中passionate的词义，你可以利用上文中的do not despair：
Similarly, not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work.
However, do not despair, there are ways to become more passionate. (Text B, Unit 3)
再看下面的句子：
The initial training period, the first six weeks, is the hardest.
借助于对“the first six weeks”的理解，我们可以猜测出initial的词义：initial = first;
happening at the beginning。
BACK
NEXT
Choose the right answer by guessing the meaning of each of the
underlined words.
1. They have the best of what makes us human and, as one observer put it, none
of our vices.
KEY
A) 邪恶行为
B) 优点
C) 智慧
D) 能力
PREV.
NEXT
2. “And finally,” I finished, “I like animals because they’re not hypocrites. They
don’t say one thing and do another. They are, as I’ve said, honest…”
KEY
A) 诚实的人
B) 骄傲的人
C) 伪君子
D) 自满的人
PREV.
NEXT
3. He tried to smile because the mood of the party was not somber but happy.
KEY
A) 快乐的
B) 轻松的
C) 幸福的
D) 忧郁的
PREV.
NEXT
4. Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!
Yet, some scientists were still suspicious. They formed a group to retest
Hans.
KEY
A) 肯定的
B) 怀疑的
C) 兴奋的
D) 激动的
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5. The room had become strangely quiet. I was amazed at how closely my
family was listening, despite the occasional grunt to the contrary.
KEY
A) 宁静
B) 嘟哝声
C) 喧闹声
D) 欢庆
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Time for Fun
Yesterday Once More by Carpenter
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
Waiting for my favorite songs
When they played I'd sing along,
It make me smile.
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
How I wondered where they'd gone.
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
All the songs I love so well.
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
It can really make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
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Looking bak on how it was in years gone by
And the good times that had
makes today seem rather sad,
So much has changed.
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
And I'd memorise each word.
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
As they melt the years away
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're startingTo sing so fine
All my best memorise come back clearly to me
Some can even make me cry just like before.
It's yesterday once more.
(Shoobie do lang lang)
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
Every shalala every wo'wo still shines.
Every shing-a-ling-a-ling that they're starting to sing so fine
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